In the 19th century placebos were defined as “any medicine adapted more to please than to benefit the patient.” And sham medicine makers weren’t the only ones prescribing snake oil at the time—doctors often administered placebos as well.
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Snake Bites and The Missed MIFull episode audio for MD edition256:35 min - 298 MB - M4AEM:RAP 2016 May Aussie EditionAustralian42:06 min - 58 MB - MP3EM:RAP 2016 Mai Résumé en FrancaisFrançais64:00 min - 88 MB - MP3EM:RAP 2016 Mayo Resumen EspañolEspañol78:00 min - 107 MB - MP3EM:RAP 2016 May Canadian EditionCanadian25:09 min - 35 MB - MP3EM:RAP 2016 May German EditionDeutsche107:44 min - 148 MB - MP3EM:RAP 2016 May Board Review Answers172 KB - PDFEM:RAP 2016 May Board Review Questions159 KB - PDFEM:RAP 2016 May MP3329 MB - ZIPEM:RAP 2016 May Written Summary626 KB - PDF